A bail-in for dividing Europe

CĂLIN RECHEA (Translated by Cosmin Ghidoveanu)
Ziarul BURSA #English Section / 28 iunie 2013

"For the first time we have agreed on a bail-in which is significant for protecting taxpayers", Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Dutch finance minister and president of the Eurogroup said.

"For the first time we have agreed on a bail-in which is significant for protecting taxpayers", Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Dutch finance minister and president of the Eurogroup said.

In the beginning was denial. The financial crisis sparked by the subprime crisis in the US was not supposed to extend to Europe, according to the statements of the officials which were being made a few years ago. The health of banks was not even considered, just like a sovereign default was considered a blasphemy for a long time in the Eurozone.

How quickly time flies! Now, the decisions or the statements concerning the distant time horizons last about as much as the 118th element of Mendeleev's table, which has a half-life of 0.89 milliseconds.

Bailing out banks has taken precedence, due to the symbiotic connection between them and the state. "For the first time we have agreed on a bail-in which is significant for protecting taxpayers", Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Dutch finance minister and president of the Eurogroup said at midnight, after a marathon meeting.

The same Dijsselbloem would assure us, at the time of the robbery in Cyprus, that what was happening in the Mediterranean island would not be an action framework applicable all over Europe.

And yet, how are taxpayers protected, because they are also "owners" of the deposits which will be partially or totally seized? Are the deposits in the banking system set up by aliens (the outer space kind)?

"The European Union has agreed to force investors and those with sizeable savings to bear the cost of future bank defaults", Reuters writes. The new plan stipulates that shareholders, bondholders and those with deposits over 100,000 Euros will be required to participate directly in saving banks.

Moreover, the new regulations "can affect German depositors or any other investor in the world", according to a statement by German finance minister, Wolfgang Schäuble. He also said that "We need a clear liability cascade: first the shareholders, then the various bondholders, then the depositors -- not the insured deposits, which have always been excluded by European law -- then the member states concerned, and if that member state can't do it, then the European rescue fund as well", according to an article by Bloomberg.

Isn't it extraordinary that we need "a clear liability cascade" when it comes to the banks' creditors, but no mention is made of a cascade of political responsibility? And how European have the Germans become, so that they would happily pay for the default of a French or Austrian bank?

Reuters writes that "the new regulations are destroying a tabu in Europe", referring to the concept of the inviolability of bank deposits, "even though the countries will be allowed a certain degree of flexibility when it comes to forcing creditors to take the losses". What is this flexibility referring to? Could it mean the possibility of arbitrary decisions of the authorities, depending on the nationality and the race of the depositors? No! Something like that isn't possible in a community built around the "holy" European ideals!

A reader's comment on the article by Reuters reflects the best what the situation has come to: "European democracies are now de jure Kleptocracies". Perhaps a new anthem for the EU is now needed, as well as a new slogan: "All as one, and everybody gets robbed!"

In order to avoid outraging the Europeans, who might feel insulted by such a statement, it bears reminding that the issue of the banking union is far from being dealt with. Austrian Chancellor Werner Faymann said, in an interview published by Reuters, that "It is highly unlikely Chancellor Merkel will agree to such an exhaustive banking union before the General elections in Germany".

So basically what it boils down to is cheating the electorate prior to "democratic" elections, followed by decisions which have nothing to do with the "will" of the people.

While the Germans still believe in the illusion of their resilience to the European crisis, the same can't be said about France. European finance minister Pierre Moscovici stated that "France's requests, when it comes to the use of European funds for bailing out banks, have also been accepted".

The impatience of Moscovici is understandable, given that a recent analysis by Goldman Sachs puts two French banks at the top of the list of European financial institutions with low capitalization. The assets to equity ratio is over 35 in the case Credit Agricole and Natixis, according to the review by Goldman Sachs, and the top two German banks, Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank are ranked fourth and sixth in a chart of bank fragility.

But like the European authorities have already accustomed us, the latest decision means almost nothing. Nicolas Veron, a financial expert at the Bruegel European institute for economic studies, said for Reuters that "it is premature to speak about a concert of the European efforts", because "the important talks about the manner in which the restructuring will be performed have not yet begun".

What has begun, however, is the construction of a well put-together system for robbing the Europeans blind, regardless of whether or not they are part of the Eurozone, in the name of an ideal which no longer represents them.

Unsecured depositors, forced to pay up if their bank is in trouble

Finance ministers in the European Union (UE) have decided that the recapitalization of troubled banks will be borne by their shareholders, by bondholders as well as by depositors with more than 100,000 Euros. Before being made into law, the decision must be agreed by the European parliament, and represents one step further towards the creation of a banking union, the international press writes.

A final agreement on the mechanism known as a "bail-in" is a preliminary condition for capital injections into distressed banks using common rescue funds.

If the measure gets to be applied, it will heavily affect the relationship between banks and depositors, economic analyst Florin Cîţu considers. "Up until recently, deposits were considered as having a high level of safety. Now, unsecured depositors can get to the situation of being treated similarly to investors and bank creditors, taking part in the bank", he said. This would lead to a reluctance to set up deposits with a total value of 100,000 Euros, with one bank, as customers may turn towards more liquid instruments, Florin Cîţu explains. "It is too early to say what the effects of such a decision would be, but we will witness an interesting exercise. Depositors will probably choose to split their funds among several banks, to avoid the 100,000 Euros cap. This could affect the private banking sector. Furthermore, when a person considers the possibility of setting up a deposit, it may request more information about the financial situation of the bank in question, to estimate how safe its deposit is", the economist went on to say.

If bank deposits fall, as a result of the measure agreed by the finance ministers in the EU, this could negatively affect the banking system, which would thus be deprived of its own financing source, Florin Cîţu says.

European officials have praised the agreement, which may become applicable starting in 2018. Dutch Finance minister, Jeroen Dijsselbloem, who is also the head of the group of ministers of finance in the EU (EUROGRUP), also said that it represents a major step towards the creation of the banking union and a step away from the use of public funds for the recapitalization of troubled banks. Ewald Nowotny, a member on the board of the European Central Bank (BCE), claims that the agreement will increase the confidence in the banking system and "it will also mean that it won't always be the citizens footing the bill, if there is a problem".

Whereas deposits of less than 100,000 Euros are exempt from participating in the recapitalization of banks, unsecured deposits of individuals and small companies will have a "preferred" status among the instruments which will be used to secure the financial resources.

Before the resolution funds can be used, there is a need for the "bail-in" process to comprise 8% of the total value of the assets. Also, countries have a greater room to maneuver in their efforts to protect certain creditors, under specific circumstances.

The European authorities aren't the first ones looking to use liabilities to recapitalize troubled banks, as this year's draft budget of the Canadian government and the open bank resolution of the Central Bank of New Zealand comprise similar provisions. (ALEXANDRU SÂRBU)

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